Showing posts with label linux mount. Show all posts
Showing posts with label linux mount. Show all posts

Monday, May 20, 2013

How do you determine what Linux file system your using?

Q. When you log onto a Linux system and get to the command prompt, how can you determine which of the many file systems supported in Linux you are using? Is there a command that will identify it?

A. Use fsck with the N option which just show what would have been done, but also show you what type of filesystem it is.

fsck -N /dev/(device-name)

e.g.

fsck -N /dev/hdc2

The 'mount' command wont help if the filesystem isn't mounted, and looking in /etc/fstab wont help because you cant be sure that information can be trusted.

How can I mount a disk I unmounted on my Mac?
Q. I ejected one of my hard drives by accident and when I tried to mount it again, it says "Mount failed. Try running first aid on the disk and then retry mounting. I ran first aid (both verify and repair disk) and that failed as well. It's an almost new disk with all my most important files (of course). The recommended action by First Aid is to erase and reformat.

A. If you're familiar with the Terminal application you could try getting the drive mounted via the command line. The programs you'll likely need are "fsck" to make sure the partition is clean and "mount" to actually mount the partition. Unfortunately those tools have a bit of a learning curve if you don't have any UNIX/Linux background.

Another option is other GUI-based disk/mount utilities. "Mount Me!" has worked for some people but I haven't had a need for it personally.

Is there a linux program that would allow you to copy video games?
Q. Im new to Linux, and a saw some cd and dvd rippimg programs. I was wondering if there is one for video games. Or would a dvd/r ripper work to?

Yes, I is noob!

A. Linux is a Unix derivative, so among the things -- call them cultural -- you are unlikely to have looked at is the preference for using several small programs rather than one large one for doing tasks. Thus, the program k3b mentioned above, while I use it, is what is called a mashup which provides a GUI for several command line programs (which I also use when relevant) and which -- philosophically -- should be able to copy anything, even if it runs on a radically different architecture.

Insert your disk and open an xterm. Close any program which wants to open -- OR MOUNT -- your disk automatically and unmount it if it was mounted.

type "dd if=/dev/hdc of=<myfile.iso>" /dev/hdc is a standin for your cdrom or dvd in the /dev directory and <myfile.iso> is a standin for whatever you choose to call the file, but if it's from a computer cd or dvd name it iso.

Check to see you got a true copy of the image. Do a "md5sum /dev/hdc && md5sum <myfile.iso>" That generates a hash number twice (the && means run a separate command) and if the two hash numbers agree then you have a true byte copy image.

Then burn the iso image to disk.

It's not that hard.



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Saturday, May 11, 2013

How do you determine what Linux file system your using?

Q. When you log onto a Linux system and get to the command prompt, how can you determine which of the many file systems supported in Linux you are using? Is there a command that will identify it?

A. Use fsck with the N option which just show what would have been done, but also show you what type of filesystem it is.

fsck -N /dev/(device-name)

e.g.

fsck -N /dev/hdc2

The 'mount' command wont help if the filesystem isn't mounted, and looking in /etc/fstab wont help because you cant be sure that information can be trusted.

How can I mount a disk I unmounted on my Mac?
Q. I ejected one of my hard drives by accident and when I tried to mount it again, it says "Mount failed. Try running first aid on the disk and then retry mounting. I ran first aid (both verify and repair disk) and that failed as well. It's an almost new disk with all my most important files (of course). The recommended action by First Aid is to erase and reformat.

A. If you're familiar with the Terminal application you could try getting the drive mounted via the command line. The programs you'll likely need are "fsck" to make sure the partition is clean and "mount" to actually mount the partition. Unfortunately those tools have a bit of a learning curve if you don't have any UNIX/Linux background.

Another option is other GUI-based disk/mount utilities. "Mount Me!" has worked for some people but I haven't had a need for it personally.

Is there a linux program that would allow you to copy video games?
Q. Im new to Linux, and a saw some cd and dvd rippimg programs. I was wondering if there is one for video games. Or would a dvd/r ripper work to?

Yes, I is noob!

A. Linux is a Unix derivative, so among the things -- call them cultural -- you are unlikely to have looked at is the preference for using several small programs rather than one large one for doing tasks. Thus, the program k3b mentioned above, while I use it, is what is called a mashup which provides a GUI for several command line programs (which I also use when relevant) and which -- philosophically -- should be able to copy anything, even if it runs on a radically different architecture.

Insert your disk and open an xterm. Close any program which wants to open -- OR MOUNT -- your disk automatically and unmount it if it was mounted.

type "dd if=/dev/hdc of=<myfile.iso>" /dev/hdc is a standin for your cdrom or dvd in the /dev directory and <myfile.iso> is a standin for whatever you choose to call the file, but if it's from a computer cd or dvd name it iso.

Check to see you got a true copy of the image. Do a "md5sum /dev/hdc && md5sum <myfile.iso>" That generates a hash number twice (the && means run a separate command) and if the two hash numbers agree then you have a true byte copy image.

Then burn the iso image to disk.

It's not that hard.



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Friday, May 10, 2013

In Unix/Linux system, why you might mount a file system on a non-empty directory ?

Q. In unix/linux, you mount your floopy drive file system on an empty directory. If you happen to mount it on a non-empty directory, the directory content is not accessible. Then in what circumstances you might consider mounting a file system on a non-empty directory ?

A. Never

How can I install linux on multiple computers with the same settings?
Q. I have 7 computers that I would like to install linux on (CentOS to be specific). The computers are all slightly different in terms of hardware, some are Intel, others are AMD. I have to install a lot of packages. I would like to be able to just do all the installation work on one computer, and then clone that system to all the others and just change hostnames. Is this possible?

A. maybe is the simple answer,

partimage is the program to look at

http://www.partimage.org/Main_Page

i use it via knoppix live cd as you cannot image a mounted drive - so its a waste of time installing partimage on the first centos and trying to image it

you may need to install centos on an intel and an amd and image both,
only takes a few mins to image though

How do you list mountable usb devices on linux from terminal?
Q. I am using Damn Small Linux and would like to display a list of all connected usb storage devices and their names from terminal for example i would like to be able to figure out what my ipod would be when connected for example /dev/sda1 or whatever. Thanks in advance!

A. Actually what you want is probably a combination of "lsusb" and "dmesg | tail".

- Run lsusb before and after you plug in a USB device - it lists all the detected USB devices on the system. If you get a new device listed after you plugged in, you're on your way to mounting the device.
- The next step is to run "dmesg | tail". The dmesg command spits out the kernel log. The tail command will filter it to show the last few lines. You are looking for something like:

sd 15:0:0:0: [sdb] Attached SCSI removable disk
sd 15:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg2 type 0
usb-storage: device scan complete

As you can see in the example above, I attached a removeable disk which was assigned to sdb (of course yours might be sda, sdc, etc).


With a combination of the 2 commands above, and possibly doing a "ls /dev | grep <the assigned device node from above, like sdb>" you can find what devices you have available to mount. The reason you might want to do the ls is for devices with more than one partition.



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Saturday, April 27, 2013

How can i access a RAID partition from Linux?

Q. I am playing around with Mandriva, a distribution of Linux. I have windows installed on a separate RAID 0+1 setup and i want to access my files from Mandriva. How can i do this? I'm reading about samba shares but i'm not so sure I understand. Is there a directory i can just type in to access my windows partition?

A. Just mount the partition.

How can I mount a disk I unmounted on my Mac?
Q. I ejected one of my hard drives by accident and when I tried to mount it again, it says "Mount failed. Try running first aid on the disk and then retry mounting. I ran first aid (both verify and repair disk) and that failed as well. It's an almost new disk with all my most important files (of course). The recommended action by First Aid is to erase and reformat.

A. If you're familiar with the Terminal application you could try getting the drive mounted via the command line. The programs you'll likely need are "fsck" to make sure the partition is clean and "mount" to actually mount the partition. Unfortunately those tools have a bit of a learning curve if you don't have any UNIX/Linux background.

Another option is other GUI-based disk/mount utilities. "Mount Me!" has worked for some people but I haven't had a need for it personally.

My computer memory is split in to two drives on linux, How to utilize it?
Q. I'm not very pro-efficient at using Linux yet. My laptop has 320GB of memory but on this partition I only have 90GB or less. How to open the other partition or make use of the rest of my memory?

A. Your drive is split into partitions, your memory isn't split.

Just make a mount point and mount the other partition.



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Saturday, April 20, 2013

How can I mount a disk I unmounted on my Mac?

Q. I ejected one of my hard drives by accident and when I tried to mount it again, it says "Mount failed. Try running first aid on the disk and then retry mounting. I ran first aid (both verify and repair disk) and that failed as well. It's an almost new disk with all my most important files (of course). The recommended action by First Aid is to erase and reformat.

A. If you're familiar with the Terminal application you could try getting the drive mounted via the command line. The programs you'll likely need are "fsck" to make sure the partition is clean and "mount" to actually mount the partition. Unfortunately those tools have a bit of a learning curve if you don't have any UNIX/Linux background.

Another option is other GUI-based disk/mount utilities. "Mount Me!" has worked for some people but I haven't had a need for it personally.

My computer memory is split in to two drives on linux, How to utilize it?
Q. I'm not very pro-efficient at using Linux yet. My laptop has 320GB of memory but on this partition I only have 90GB or less. How to open the other partition or make use of the rest of my memory?

A. Your drive is split into partitions, your memory isn't split.

Just make a mount point and mount the other partition.

Is there a linux program that would allow you to copy video games?
Q. Im new to Linux, and a saw some cd and dvd rippimg programs. I was wondering if there is one for video games. Or would a dvd/r ripper work to?

Yes, I is noob!

A. Linux is a Unix derivative, so among the things -- call them cultural -- you are unlikely to have looked at is the preference for using several small programs rather than one large one for doing tasks. Thus, the program k3b mentioned above, while I use it, is what is called a mashup which provides a GUI for several command line programs (which I also use when relevant) and which -- philosophically -- should be able to copy anything, even if it runs on a radically different architecture.

Insert your disk and open an xterm. Close any program which wants to open -- OR MOUNT -- your disk automatically and unmount it if it was mounted.

type "dd if=/dev/hdc of=<myfile.iso>" /dev/hdc is a standin for your cdrom or dvd in the /dev directory and <myfile.iso> is a standin for whatever you choose to call the file, but if it's from a computer cd or dvd name it iso.

Check to see you got a true copy of the image. Do a "md5sum /dev/hdc && md5sum <myfile.iso>" That generates a hash number twice (the && means run a separate command) and if the two hash numbers agree then you have a true byte copy image.

Then burn the iso image to disk.

It's not that hard.



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Wednesday, March 27, 2013

How to open my Linux because it asks me a password ?

Q. I made a mess with my Linux and now it asks me a password at start-up which I don't know. Is there any method to regain my Linux ?

A. Welp, yes, it's a bit trixy, but it WILL work.
Do NOT |#u(K this up though.

Go ahead a boot up a live CD, it should mount your hard disk, so you can see files in it. I believe with an Ubuntu live it will be mounted /media/hda but look around, you'll find it.

anyway once you find your drive, you can directly edit the the /etc/passwd file.

Now, you need to understand what it is you are editing, and what to do, because if you pooch it... well, it's pooched then isn't it?

You are going to replace the x in the line that corresponds to your username, with a new password. The x stands for "use an encrypted password from /etc/shadow" we are going to tell the computer to use a non encrypted password. So open up a terminal, and hit it with;
sudo nano /media/hdb/etc/passwd
(path might be different depending on how the HDD mounted)

find the line about your username. It'll look like this:

elizabeth:x:1000:1000:
elizabeth,,,:/home/elizabeth:
/bin/bash

That will all be on one line but Y!A has issues...
what you want to do is replace the first x with a short easy to remember password, (at least 6 letters though) and change NOTHING ELSE about the file.

elizabeth:mypass:1000:1000:
elizabeth,,,:/home/elizabeth
/bin/bash

we changed the x to mypass.

now save the file: (ctrl +x, Yes, Enter)

and reboot the machine. (not to the live CD)
you should be able to get in now with your user name, and the password you changed to.

Once you are in, you should really
sudo su yourself, and change the password back to an x
in /etc/passwd
then while still in su issue the command :
passwd myusername
(obviously replace this with your real user name)

and enter a new password twice.
Now you are back to being encrypted, AND you know your password. YAY!

How can I tell if my Linux install is in its own partition?
Q. I have a Gateway netbook with Windows 7 starter. I installed the Ubuntu 10 version of Linux. But I don't think it installed on it's its own partition, because it never asked me about the size or anything of a partition or which partition to use. So, I followed some instructions on the internet to put Linux on its own partition, but how do I know its really on there?

A. It did, but if it will make you feel better, do this:

Boot into Linux.
Open a console shell
Type 'df -h'

The partitions will be displayed. The information on the right will tell you the mount point. The one marked '/host' will be the windows partition. On the left the host partition will be /dev/sda1. All the rest are you Linux partitions.

If you want to know more about /dev/sda1, type 'fdisk -l' (be careful with fdisk).

How do you determine what Linux file system your using?
Q. When you log onto a Linux system and get to the command prompt, how can you determine which of the many file systems supported in Linux you are using? Is there a command that will identify it?

A. Use fsck with the N option which just show what would have been done, but also show you what type of filesystem it is.

fsck -N /dev/(device-name)

e.g.

fsck -N /dev/hdc2

The 'mount' command wont help if the filesystem isn't mounted, and looking in /etc/fstab wont help because you cant be sure that information can be trusted.



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Saturday, March 2, 2013

How can I install linux on multiple computers with the same settings?

Q. I have 7 computers that I would like to install linux on (CentOS to be specific). The computers are all slightly different in terms of hardware, some are Intel, others are AMD. I have to install a lot of packages. I would like to be able to just do all the installation work on one computer, and then clone that system to all the others and just change hostnames. Is this possible?

A. maybe is the simple answer,

partimage is the program to look at

http://www.partimage.org/Main_Page

i use it via knoppix live cd as you cannot image a mounted drive - so its a waste of time installing partimage on the first centos and trying to image it

you may need to install centos on an intel and an amd and image both,
only takes a few mins to image though

What commands should i type in the terminal to display my system information in Linux?
Q. Thanks to the Yahoo Linux Community, i took my first step and installed Linux Mint Helina into my system. I play around with it a little and really like it but I do not have any knowledge on how to install any drivers.

I tried to install pcwizard so that i could see my system information but unfortunately the software is not compatible with Linux. I not sure what i need to do, its totally a new environment for me.

A. A couple of things you need to know about Linux and *nix environments.

First, Linux is not Windows, so nothing that runs on Windows runs on Linux. There are exceptions. Some popular Windows apps have Linux versions (Firefox, Thunderbird for mail, Adobe Acrobat Reader). There's also a tool called Wine that allow you to run Windows programs from inside Linux. But stick with just Linux for now.

One doesn't install drivers for Linux the way you do in Windows. Most hardware is automatically detected and configured in the installation process. Anything exotic might need to have a module or library installed, but you can nearly always do that through the software manager. Check at the Mint or Ubuntu forms for any assistance on this.

Also. look on the system menus. There are lots of tools that will provide all the information you need about your system.

Also, from the console, there is no one tool that tells you everything. Linux and similar systems include a wide variety fo smaller tools and programs, each of which handles a specific task. For example:

ps -ef (this will give you a list of all the currently running processes).

lspci (gives a list of all the hardware on various system interfaces)

mount (gives you a list of all currently mounted drives and storage devices.

When a list of things goes beyond a screen page, you can "page' the output by piping it through a pager tool like "less":

ps -ef | less

This presents the information a page at a time, and you press the space bar to read the next page.

How to open my Linux because it asks me a password ?
Q. I made a mess with my Linux and now it asks me a password at start-up which I don't know. Is there any method to regain my Linux ?

A. Welp, yes, it's a bit trixy, but it WILL work.
Do NOT |#u(K this up though.

Go ahead a boot up a live CD, it should mount your hard disk, so you can see files in it. I believe with an Ubuntu live it will be mounted /media/hda but look around, you'll find it.

anyway once you find your drive, you can directly edit the the /etc/passwd file.

Now, you need to understand what it is you are editing, and what to do, because if you pooch it... well, it's pooched then isn't it?

You are going to replace the x in the line that corresponds to your username, with a new password. The x stands for "use an encrypted password from /etc/shadow" we are going to tell the computer to use a non encrypted password. So open up a terminal, and hit it with;
sudo nano /media/hdb/etc/passwd
(path might be different depending on how the HDD mounted)

find the line about your username. It'll look like this:

elizabeth:x:1000:1000:
elizabeth,,,:/home/elizabeth:
/bin/bash

That will all be on one line but Y!A has issues...
what you want to do is replace the first x with a short easy to remember password, (at least 6 letters though) and change NOTHING ELSE about the file.

elizabeth:mypass:1000:1000:
elizabeth,,,:/home/elizabeth
/bin/bash

we changed the x to mypass.

now save the file: (ctrl +x, Yes, Enter)

and reboot the machine. (not to the live CD)
you should be able to get in now with your user name, and the password you changed to.

Once you are in, you should really
sudo su yourself, and change the password back to an x
in /etc/passwd
then while still in su issue the command :
passwd myusername
(obviously replace this with your real user name)

and enter a new password twice.
Now you are back to being encrypted, AND you know your password. YAY!



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Friday, March 1, 2013

How to open my Linux because it asks me a password ?

Q. I made a mess with my Linux and now it asks me a password at start-up which I don't know. Is there any method to regain my Linux ?

A. Welp, yes, it's a bit trixy, but it WILL work.
Do NOT |#u(K this up though.

Go ahead a boot up a live CD, it should mount your hard disk, so you can see files in it. I believe with an Ubuntu live it will be mounted /media/hda but look around, you'll find it.

anyway once you find your drive, you can directly edit the the /etc/passwd file.

Now, you need to understand what it is you are editing, and what to do, because if you pooch it... well, it's pooched then isn't it?

You are going to replace the x in the line that corresponds to your username, with a new password. The x stands for "use an encrypted password from /etc/shadow" we are going to tell the computer to use a non encrypted password. So open up a terminal, and hit it with;
sudo nano /media/hdb/etc/passwd
(path might be different depending on how the HDD mounted)

find the line about your username. It'll look like this:

elizabeth:x:1000:1000:
elizabeth,,,:/home/elizabeth:
/bin/bash

That will all be on one line but Y!A has issues...
what you want to do is replace the first x with a short easy to remember password, (at least 6 letters though) and change NOTHING ELSE about the file.

elizabeth:mypass:1000:1000:
elizabeth,,,:/home/elizabeth
/bin/bash

we changed the x to mypass.

now save the file: (ctrl +x, Yes, Enter)

and reboot the machine. (not to the live CD)
you should be able to get in now with your user name, and the password you changed to.

Once you are in, you should really
sudo su yourself, and change the password back to an x
in /etc/passwd
then while still in su issue the command :
passwd myusername
(obviously replace this with your real user name)

and enter a new password twice.
Now you are back to being encrypted, AND you know your password. YAY!

How can I tell if my Linux install is in its own partition?
Q. I have a Gateway netbook with Windows 7 starter. I installed the Ubuntu 10 version of Linux. But I don't think it installed on it's its own partition, because it never asked me about the size or anything of a partition or which partition to use. So, I followed some instructions on the internet to put Linux on its own partition, but how do I know its really on there?

A. It did, but if it will make you feel better, do this:

Boot into Linux.
Open a console shell
Type 'df -h'

The partitions will be displayed. The information on the right will tell you the mount point. The one marked '/host' will be the windows partition. On the left the host partition will be /dev/sda1. All the rest are you Linux partitions.

If you want to know more about /dev/sda1, type 'fdisk -l' (be careful with fdisk).

How do you determine what Linux file system your using?
Q. When you log onto a Linux system and get to the command prompt, how can you determine which of the many file systems supported in Linux you are using? Is there a command that will identify it?

A. Use fsck with the N option which just show what would have been done, but also show you what type of filesystem it is.

fsck -N /dev/(device-name)

e.g.

fsck -N /dev/hdc2

The 'mount' command wont help if the filesystem isn't mounted, and looking in /etc/fstab wont help because you cant be sure that information can be trusted.



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Labels:

Monday, February 18, 2013

How can I mount a disk I unmounted on my Mac?

Q. I ejected one of my hard drives by accident and when I tried to mount it again, it says "Mount failed. Try running first aid on the disk and then retry mounting. I ran first aid (both verify and repair disk) and that failed as well. It's an almost new disk with all my most important files (of course). The recommended action by First Aid is to erase and reformat.

A. If you're familiar with the Terminal application you could try getting the drive mounted via the command line. The programs you'll likely need are "fsck" to make sure the partition is clean and "mount" to actually mount the partition. Unfortunately those tools have a bit of a learning curve if you don't have any UNIX/Linux background.

Another option is other GUI-based disk/mount utilities. "Mount Me!" has worked for some people but I haven't had a need for it personally.

My computer memory is split in to two drives on linux, How to utilize it?
Q. I'm not very pro-efficient at using Linux yet. My laptop has 320GB of memory but on this partition I only have 90GB or less. How to open the other partition or make use of the rest of my memory?

A. Your drive is split into partitions, your memory isn't split.

Just make a mount point and mount the other partition.

Is there a linux program that would allow you to copy video games?
Q. Im new to Linux, and a saw some cd and dvd rippimg programs. I was wondering if there is one for video games. Or would a dvd/r ripper work to?

Yes, I is noob!

A. Linux is a Unix derivative, so among the things -- call them cultural -- you are unlikely to have looked at is the preference for using several small programs rather than one large one for doing tasks. Thus, the program k3b mentioned above, while I use it, is what is called a mashup which provides a GUI for several command line programs (which I also use when relevant) and which -- philosophically -- should be able to copy anything, even if it runs on a radically different architecture.

Insert your disk and open an xterm. Close any program which wants to open -- OR MOUNT -- your disk automatically and unmount it if it was mounted.

type "dd if=/dev/hdc of=<myfile.iso>" /dev/hdc is a standin for your cdrom or dvd in the /dev directory and <myfile.iso> is a standin for whatever you choose to call the file, but if it's from a computer cd or dvd name it iso.

Check to see you got a true copy of the image. Do a "md5sum /dev/hdc && md5sum <myfile.iso>" That generates a hash number twice (the && means run a separate command) and if the two hash numbers agree then you have a true byte copy image.

Then burn the iso image to disk.

It's not that hard.



Nec Projector Review

Plastic Shed Reviews

Ati Graphic Reviews

Nurse Uniforms Reviews

Cabochons Reviews

Inflatable Water Slides Reviews

Barcode Scanner Reviews

Labels:

Thursday, February 14, 2013

How can I tell if my Linux install is in its own partition?

Q. I have a Gateway netbook with Windows 7 starter. I installed the Ubuntu 10 version of Linux. But I don't think it installed on it's its own partition, because it never asked me about the size or anything of a partition or which partition to use. So, I followed some instructions on the internet to put Linux on its own partition, but how do I know its really on there?

A. It did, but if it will make you feel better, do this:

Boot into Linux.
Open a console shell
Type 'df -h'

The partitions will be displayed. The information on the right will tell you the mount point. The one marked '/host' will be the windows partition. On the left the host partition will be /dev/sda1. All the rest are you Linux partitions.

If you want to know more about /dev/sda1, type 'fdisk -l' (be careful with fdisk).

How do you determine what Linux file system your using?
Q. When you log onto a Linux system and get to the command prompt, how can you determine which of the many file systems supported in Linux you are using? Is there a command that will identify it?

A. Use fsck with the N option which just show what would have been done, but also show you what type of filesystem it is.

fsck -N /dev/(device-name)

e.g.

fsck -N /dev/hdc2

The 'mount' command wont help if the filesystem isn't mounted, and looking in /etc/fstab wont help because you cant be sure that information can be trusted.

How can I mount a disk I unmounted on my Mac?
Q. I ejected one of my hard drives by accident and when I tried to mount it again, it says "Mount failed. Try running first aid on the disk and then retry mounting. I ran first aid (both verify and repair disk) and that failed as well. It's an almost new disk with all my most important files (of course). The recommended action by First Aid is to erase and reformat.

A. If you're familiar with the Terminal application you could try getting the drive mounted via the command line. The programs you'll likely need are "fsck" to make sure the partition is clean and "mount" to actually mount the partition. Unfortunately those tools have a bit of a learning curve if you don't have any UNIX/Linux background.

Another option is other GUI-based disk/mount utilities. "Mount Me!" has worked for some people but I haven't had a need for it personally.



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Tuesday, February 5, 2013

How do you determine what Linux file system your using?

Q. When you log onto a Linux system and get to the command prompt, how can you determine which of the many file systems supported in Linux you are using? Is there a command that will identify it?

A. Use fsck with the N option which just show what would have been done, but also show you what type of filesystem it is.

fsck -N /dev/(device-name)

e.g.

fsck -N /dev/hdc2

The 'mount' command wont help if the filesystem isn't mounted, and looking in /etc/fstab wont help because you cant be sure that information can be trusted.

How can I mount a disk I unmounted on my Mac?
Q. I ejected one of my hard drives by accident and when I tried to mount it again, it says "Mount failed. Try running first aid on the disk and then retry mounting. I ran first aid (both verify and repair disk) and that failed as well. It's an almost new disk with all my most important files (of course). The recommended action by First Aid is to erase and reformat.

A. If you're familiar with the Terminal application you could try getting the drive mounted via the command line. The programs you'll likely need are "fsck" to make sure the partition is clean and "mount" to actually mount the partition. Unfortunately those tools have a bit of a learning curve if you don't have any UNIX/Linux background.

Another option is other GUI-based disk/mount utilities. "Mount Me!" has worked for some people but I haven't had a need for it personally.

Is there a linux program that would allow you to copy video games?
Q. Im new to Linux, and a saw some cd and dvd rippimg programs. I was wondering if there is one for video games. Or would a dvd/r ripper work to?

Yes, I is noob!

A. Linux is a Unix derivative, so among the things -- call them cultural -- you are unlikely to have looked at is the preference for using several small programs rather than one large one for doing tasks. Thus, the program k3b mentioned above, while I use it, is what is called a mashup which provides a GUI for several command line programs (which I also use when relevant) and which -- philosophically -- should be able to copy anything, even if it runs on a radically different architecture.

Insert your disk and open an xterm. Close any program which wants to open -- OR MOUNT -- your disk automatically and unmount it if it was mounted.

type "dd if=/dev/hdc of=<myfile.iso>" /dev/hdc is a standin for your cdrom or dvd in the /dev directory and <myfile.iso> is a standin for whatever you choose to call the file, but if it's from a computer cd or dvd name it iso.

Check to see you got a true copy of the image. Do a "md5sum /dev/hdc && md5sum <myfile.iso>" That generates a hash number twice (the && means run a separate command) and if the two hash numbers agree then you have a true byte copy image.

Then burn the iso image to disk.

It's not that hard.



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Saturday, January 26, 2013

How can I tell if my Linux install is in its own partition?

Q. I have a Gateway netbook with Windows 7 starter. I installed the Ubuntu 10 version of Linux. But I don't think it installed on it's its own partition, because it never asked me about the size or anything of a partition or which partition to use. So, I followed some instructions on the internet to put Linux on its own partition, but how do I know its really on there?

A. It did, but if it will make you feel better, do this:

Boot into Linux.
Open a console shell
Type 'df -h'

The partitions will be displayed. The information on the right will tell you the mount point. The one marked '/host' will be the windows partition. On the left the host partition will be /dev/sda1. All the rest are you Linux partitions.

If you want to know more about /dev/sda1, type 'fdisk -l' (be careful with fdisk).

How do you determine what Linux file system your using?
Q. When you log onto a Linux system and get to the command prompt, how can you determine which of the many file systems supported in Linux you are using? Is there a command that will identify it?

A. Use fsck with the N option which just show what would have been done, but also show you what type of filesystem it is.

fsck -N /dev/(device-name)

e.g.

fsck -N /dev/hdc2

The 'mount' command wont help if the filesystem isn't mounted, and looking in /etc/fstab wont help because you cant be sure that information can be trusted.

How can i access a RAID partition from Linux?
Q. I am playing around with Mandriva, a distribution of Linux. I have windows installed on a separate RAID 0+1 setup and i want to access my files from Mandriva. How can i do this? I'm reading about samba shares but i'm not so sure I understand. Is there a directory i can just type in to access my windows partition?

A. Just mount the partition.



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Wednesday, January 23, 2013

How do you list mountable usb devices on linux from terminal?

Q. I am using Damn Small Linux and would like to display a list of all connected usb storage devices and their names from terminal for example i would like to be able to figure out what my ipod would be when connected for example /dev/sda1 or whatever. Thanks in advance!

A. Actually what you want is probably a combination of "lsusb" and "dmesg | tail".

- Run lsusb before and after you plug in a USB device - it lists all the detected USB devices on the system. If you get a new device listed after you plugged in, you're on your way to mounting the device.
- The next step is to run "dmesg | tail". The dmesg command spits out the kernel log. The tail command will filter it to show the last few lines. You are looking for something like:

sd 15:0:0:0: [sdb] Attached SCSI removable disk
sd 15:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg2 type 0
usb-storage: device scan complete

As you can see in the example above, I attached a removeable disk which was assigned to sdb (of course yours might be sda, sdc, etc).


With a combination of the 2 commands above, and possibly doing a "ls /dev | grep <the assigned device node from above, like sdb>" you can find what devices you have available to mount. The reason you might want to do the ls is for devices with more than one partition.

What commands should i type in the terminal to display my system information in Linux?
Q. Thanks to the Yahoo Linux Community, i took my first step and installed Linux Mint Helina into my system. I play around with it a little and really like it but I do not have any knowledge on how to install any drivers.

I tried to install pcwizard so that i could see my system information but unfortunately the software is not compatible with Linux. I not sure what i need to do, its totally a new environment for me.

A. A couple of things you need to know about Linux and *nix environments.

First, Linux is not Windows, so nothing that runs on Windows runs on Linux. There are exceptions. Some popular Windows apps have Linux versions (Firefox, Thunderbird for mail, Adobe Acrobat Reader). There's also a tool called Wine that allow you to run Windows programs from inside Linux. But stick with just Linux for now.

One doesn't install drivers for Linux the way you do in Windows. Most hardware is automatically detected and configured in the installation process. Anything exotic might need to have a module or library installed, but you can nearly always do that through the software manager. Check at the Mint or Ubuntu forms for any assistance on this.

Also. look on the system menus. There are lots of tools that will provide all the information you need about your system.

Also, from the console, there is no one tool that tells you everything. Linux and similar systems include a wide variety fo smaller tools and programs, each of which handles a specific task. For example:

ps -ef (this will give you a list of all the currently running processes).

lspci (gives a list of all the hardware on various system interfaces)

mount (gives you a list of all currently mounted drives and storage devices.

When a list of things goes beyond a screen page, you can "page' the output by piping it through a pager tool like "less":

ps -ef | less

This presents the information a page at a time, and you press the space bar to read the next page.

How to open my Linux because it asks me a password ?
Q. I made a mess with my Linux and now it asks me a password at start-up which I don't know. Is there any method to regain my Linux ?

A. Welp, yes, it's a bit trixy, but it WILL work.
Do NOT |#u(K this up though.

Go ahead a boot up a live CD, it should mount your hard disk, so you can see files in it. I believe with an Ubuntu live it will be mounted /media/hda but look around, you'll find it.

anyway once you find your drive, you can directly edit the the /etc/passwd file.

Now, you need to understand what it is you are editing, and what to do, because if you pooch it... well, it's pooched then isn't it?

You are going to replace the x in the line that corresponds to your username, with a new password. The x stands for "use an encrypted password from /etc/shadow" we are going to tell the computer to use a non encrypted password. So open up a terminal, and hit it with;
sudo nano /media/hdb/etc/passwd
(path might be different depending on how the HDD mounted)

find the line about your username. It'll look like this:

elizabeth:x:1000:1000:
elizabeth,,,:/home/elizabeth:
/bin/bash

That will all be on one line but Y!A has issues...
what you want to do is replace the first x with a short easy to remember password, (at least 6 letters though) and change NOTHING ELSE about the file.

elizabeth:mypass:1000:1000:
elizabeth,,,:/home/elizabeth
/bin/bash

we changed the x to mypass.

now save the file: (ctrl +x, Yes, Enter)

and reboot the machine. (not to the live CD)
you should be able to get in now with your user name, and the password you changed to.

Once you are in, you should really
sudo su yourself, and change the password back to an x
in /etc/passwd
then while still in su issue the command :
passwd myusername
(obviously replace this with your real user name)

and enter a new password twice.
Now you are back to being encrypted, AND you know your password. YAY!



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Saturday, January 19, 2013

How can i access a RAID partition from Linux?

Q. I am playing around with Mandriva, a distribution of Linux. I have windows installed on a separate RAID 0+1 setup and i want to access my files from Mandriva. How can i do this? I'm reading about samba shares but i'm not so sure I understand. Is there a directory i can just type in to access my windows partition?

A. Just mount the partition.

How can I mount a disk I unmounted on my Mac?
Q. I ejected one of my hard drives by accident and when I tried to mount it again, it says "Mount failed. Try running first aid on the disk and then retry mounting. I ran first aid (both verify and repair disk) and that failed as well. It's an almost new disk with all my most important files (of course). The recommended action by First Aid is to erase and reformat.

A. If you're familiar with the Terminal application you could try getting the drive mounted via the command line. The programs you'll likely need are "fsck" to make sure the partition is clean and "mount" to actually mount the partition. Unfortunately those tools have a bit of a learning curve if you don't have any UNIX/Linux background.

Another option is other GUI-based disk/mount utilities. "Mount Me!" has worked for some people but I haven't had a need for it personally.

My computer memory is split in to two drives on linux, How to utilize it?
Q. I'm not very pro-efficient at using Linux yet. My laptop has 320GB of memory but on this partition I only have 90GB or less. How to open the other partition or make use of the rest of my memory?

A. Your drive is split into partitions, your memory isn't split.

Just make a mount point and mount the other partition.



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Friday, January 18, 2013

What commands should i type in the terminal to display my system information in Linux?

Q. Thanks to the Yahoo Linux Community, i took my first step and installed Linux Mint Helina into my system. I play around with it a little and really like it but I do not have any knowledge on how to install any drivers.

I tried to install pcwizard so that i could see my system information but unfortunately the software is not compatible with Linux. I not sure what i need to do, its totally a new environment for me.

A. A couple of things you need to know about Linux and *nix environments.

First, Linux is not Windows, so nothing that runs on Windows runs on Linux. There are exceptions. Some popular Windows apps have Linux versions (Firefox, Thunderbird for mail, Adobe Acrobat Reader). There's also a tool called Wine that allow you to run Windows programs from inside Linux. But stick with just Linux for now.

One doesn't install drivers for Linux the way you do in Windows. Most hardware is automatically detected and configured in the installation process. Anything exotic might need to have a module or library installed, but you can nearly always do that through the software manager. Check at the Mint or Ubuntu forms for any assistance on this.

Also. look on the system menus. There are lots of tools that will provide all the information you need about your system.

Also, from the console, there is no one tool that tells you everything. Linux and similar systems include a wide variety fo smaller tools and programs, each of which handles a specific task. For example:

ps -ef (this will give you a list of all the currently running processes).

lspci (gives a list of all the hardware on various system interfaces)

mount (gives you a list of all currently mounted drives and storage devices.

When a list of things goes beyond a screen page, you can "page' the output by piping it through a pager tool like "less":

ps -ef | less

This presents the information a page at a time, and you press the space bar to read the next page.

How to open my Linux because it asks me a password ?
Q. I made a mess with my Linux and now it asks me a password at start-up which I don't know. Is there any method to regain my Linux ?

A. Welp, yes, it's a bit trixy, but it WILL work.
Do NOT |#u(K this up though.

Go ahead a boot up a live CD, it should mount your hard disk, so you can see files in it. I believe with an Ubuntu live it will be mounted /media/hda but look around, you'll find it.

anyway once you find your drive, you can directly edit the the /etc/passwd file.

Now, you need to understand what it is you are editing, and what to do, because if you pooch it... well, it's pooched then isn't it?

You are going to replace the x in the line that corresponds to your username, with a new password. The x stands for "use an encrypted password from /etc/shadow" we are going to tell the computer to use a non encrypted password. So open up a terminal, and hit it with;
sudo nano /media/hdb/etc/passwd
(path might be different depending on how the HDD mounted)

find the line about your username. It'll look like this:

elizabeth:x:1000:1000:
elizabeth,,,:/home/elizabeth:
/bin/bash

That will all be on one line but Y!A has issues...
what you want to do is replace the first x with a short easy to remember password, (at least 6 letters though) and change NOTHING ELSE about the file.

elizabeth:mypass:1000:1000:
elizabeth,,,:/home/elizabeth
/bin/bash

we changed the x to mypass.

now save the file: (ctrl +x, Yes, Enter)

and reboot the machine. (not to the live CD)
you should be able to get in now with your user name, and the password you changed to.

Once you are in, you should really
sudo su yourself, and change the password back to an x
in /etc/passwd
then while still in su issue the command :
passwd myusername
(obviously replace this with your real user name)

and enter a new password twice.
Now you are back to being encrypted, AND you know your password. YAY!

How can I tell if my Linux install is in its own partition?
Q. I have a Gateway netbook with Windows 7 starter. I installed the Ubuntu 10 version of Linux. But I don't think it installed on it's its own partition, because it never asked me about the size or anything of a partition or which partition to use. So, I followed some instructions on the internet to put Linux on its own partition, but how do I know its really on there?

A. It did, but if it will make you feel better, do this:

Boot into Linux.
Open a console shell
Type 'df -h'

The partitions will be displayed. The information on the right will tell you the mount point. The one marked '/host' will be the windows partition. On the left the host partition will be /dev/sda1. All the rest are you Linux partitions.

If you want to know more about /dev/sda1, type 'fdisk -l' (be careful with fdisk).



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Wednesday, January 16, 2013

How do you list mountable usb devices on linux from terminal?

Q. I am using Damn Small Linux and would like to display a list of all connected usb storage devices and their names from terminal for example i would like to be able to figure out what my ipod would be when connected for example /dev/sda1 or whatever. Thanks in advance!

A. Actually what you want is probably a combination of "lsusb" and "dmesg | tail".

- Run lsusb before and after you plug in a USB device - it lists all the detected USB devices on the system. If you get a new device listed after you plugged in, you're on your way to mounting the device.
- The next step is to run "dmesg | tail". The dmesg command spits out the kernel log. The tail command will filter it to show the last few lines. You are looking for something like:

sd 15:0:0:0: [sdb] Attached SCSI removable disk
sd 15:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg2 type 0
usb-storage: device scan complete

As you can see in the example above, I attached a removeable disk which was assigned to sdb (of course yours might be sda, sdc, etc).


With a combination of the 2 commands above, and possibly doing a "ls /dev | grep <the assigned device node from above, like sdb>" you can find what devices you have available to mount. The reason you might want to do the ls is for devices with more than one partition.

What commands should i type in the terminal to display my system information in Linux?
Q. Thanks to the Yahoo Linux Community, i took my first step and installed Linux Mint Helina into my system. I play around with it a little and really like it but I do not have any knowledge on how to install any drivers.

I tried to install pcwizard so that i could see my system information but unfortunately the software is not compatible with Linux. I not sure what i need to do, its totally a new environment for me.

A. A couple of things you need to know about Linux and *nix environments.

First, Linux is not Windows, so nothing that runs on Windows runs on Linux. There are exceptions. Some popular Windows apps have Linux versions (Firefox, Thunderbird for mail, Adobe Acrobat Reader). There's also a tool called Wine that allow you to run Windows programs from inside Linux. But stick with just Linux for now.

One doesn't install drivers for Linux the way you do in Windows. Most hardware is automatically detected and configured in the installation process. Anything exotic might need to have a module or library installed, but you can nearly always do that through the software manager. Check at the Mint or Ubuntu forms for any assistance on this.

Also. look on the system menus. There are lots of tools that will provide all the information you need about your system.

Also, from the console, there is no one tool that tells you everything. Linux and similar systems include a wide variety fo smaller tools and programs, each of which handles a specific task. For example:

ps -ef (this will give you a list of all the currently running processes).

lspci (gives a list of all the hardware on various system interfaces)

mount (gives you a list of all currently mounted drives and storage devices.

When a list of things goes beyond a screen page, you can "page' the output by piping it through a pager tool like "less":

ps -ef | less

This presents the information a page at a time, and you press the space bar to read the next page.

How to open my Linux because it asks me a password ?
Q. I made a mess with my Linux and now it asks me a password at start-up which I don't know. Is there any method to regain my Linux ?

A. Welp, yes, it's a bit trixy, but it WILL work.
Do NOT |#u(K this up though.

Go ahead a boot up a live CD, it should mount your hard disk, so you can see files in it. I believe with an Ubuntu live it will be mounted /media/hda but look around, you'll find it.

anyway once you find your drive, you can directly edit the the /etc/passwd file.

Now, you need to understand what it is you are editing, and what to do, because if you pooch it... well, it's pooched then isn't it?

You are going to replace the x in the line that corresponds to your username, with a new password. The x stands for "use an encrypted password from /etc/shadow" we are going to tell the computer to use a non encrypted password. So open up a terminal, and hit it with;
sudo nano /media/hdb/etc/passwd
(path might be different depending on how the HDD mounted)

find the line about your username. It'll look like this:

elizabeth:x:1000:1000:
elizabeth,,,:/home/elizabeth:
/bin/bash

That will all be on one line but Y!A has issues...
what you want to do is replace the first x with a short easy to remember password, (at least 6 letters though) and change NOTHING ELSE about the file.

elizabeth:mypass:1000:1000:
elizabeth,,,:/home/elizabeth
/bin/bash

we changed the x to mypass.

now save the file: (ctrl +x, Yes, Enter)

and reboot the machine. (not to the live CD)
you should be able to get in now with your user name, and the password you changed to.

Once you are in, you should really
sudo su yourself, and change the password back to an x
in /etc/passwd
then while still in su issue the command :
passwd myusername
(obviously replace this with your real user name)

and enter a new password twice.
Now you are back to being encrypted, AND you know your password. YAY!



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Sunday, January 13, 2013

How do you determine what Linux file system your using?

Q. When you log onto a Linux system and get to the command prompt, how can you determine which of the many file systems supported in Linux you are using? Is there a command that will identify it?

A. Use fsck with the N option which just show what would have been done, but also show you what type of filesystem it is.

fsck -N /dev/(device-name)

e.g.

fsck -N /dev/hdc2

The 'mount' command wont help if the filesystem isn't mounted, and looking in /etc/fstab wont help because you cant be sure that information can be trusted.

How can i access a RAID partition from Linux?
Q. I am playing around with Mandriva, a distribution of Linux. I have windows installed on a separate RAID 0+1 setup and i want to access my files from Mandriva. How can i do this? I'm reading about samba shares but i'm not so sure I understand. Is there a directory i can just type in to access my windows partition?

A. Just mount the partition.

How can I mount a disk I unmounted on my Mac?
Q. I ejected one of my hard drives by accident and when I tried to mount it again, it says "Mount failed. Try running first aid on the disk and then retry mounting. I ran first aid (both verify and repair disk) and that failed as well. It's an almost new disk with all my most important files (of course). The recommended action by First Aid is to erase and reformat.

A. If you're familiar with the Terminal application you could try getting the drive mounted via the command line. The programs you'll likely need are "fsck" to make sure the partition is clean and "mount" to actually mount the partition. Unfortunately those tools have a bit of a learning curve if you don't have any UNIX/Linux background.

Another option is other GUI-based disk/mount utilities. "Mount Me!" has worked for some people but I haven't had a need for it personally.




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Saturday, January 12, 2013

How to open my Linux because it asks me a password ?

Q. I made a mess with my Linux and now it asks me a password at start-up which I don't know. Is there any method to regain my Linux ?

A. Welp, yes, it's a bit trixy, but it WILL work.
Do NOT |#u(K this up though.

Go ahead a boot up a live CD, it should mount your hard disk, so you can see files in it. I believe with an Ubuntu live it will be mounted /media/hda but look around, you'll find it.

anyway once you find your drive, you can directly edit the the /etc/passwd file.

Now, you need to understand what it is you are editing, and what to do, because if you pooch it... well, it's pooched then isn't it?

You are going to replace the x in the line that corresponds to your username, with a new password. The x stands for "use an encrypted password from /etc/shadow" we are going to tell the computer to use a non encrypted password. So open up a terminal, and hit it with;
sudo nano /media/hdb/etc/passwd
(path might be different depending on how the HDD mounted)

find the line about your username. It'll look like this:

elizabeth:x:1000:1000:
elizabeth,,,:/home/elizabeth:
/bin/bash

That will all be on one line but Y!A has issues...
what you want to do is replace the first x with a short easy to remember password, (at least 6 letters though) and change NOTHING ELSE about the file.

elizabeth:mypass:1000:1000:
elizabeth,,,:/home/elizabeth
/bin/bash

we changed the x to mypass.

now save the file: (ctrl +x, Yes, Enter)

and reboot the machine. (not to the live CD)
you should be able to get in now with your user name, and the password you changed to.

Once you are in, you should really
sudo su yourself, and change the password back to an x
in /etc/passwd
then while still in su issue the command :
passwd myusername
(obviously replace this with your real user name)

and enter a new password twice.
Now you are back to being encrypted, AND you know your password. YAY!

How can I tell if my Linux install is in its own partition?
Q. I have a Gateway netbook with Windows 7 starter. I installed the Ubuntu 10 version of Linux. But I don't think it installed on it's its own partition, because it never asked me about the size or anything of a partition or which partition to use. So, I followed some instructions on the internet to put Linux on its own partition, but how do I know its really on there?

A. It did, but if it will make you feel better, do this:

Boot into Linux.
Open a console shell
Type 'df -h'

The partitions will be displayed. The information on the right will tell you the mount point. The one marked '/host' will be the windows partition. On the left the host partition will be /dev/sda1. All the rest are you Linux partitions.

If you want to know more about /dev/sda1, type 'fdisk -l' (be careful with fdisk).

How do you determine what Linux file system your using?
Q. When you log onto a Linux system and get to the command prompt, how can you determine which of the many file systems supported in Linux you are using? Is there a command that will identify it?

A. Use fsck with the N option which just show what would have been done, but also show you what type of filesystem it is.

fsck -N /dev/(device-name)

e.g.

fsck -N /dev/hdc2

The 'mount' command wont help if the filesystem isn't mounted, and looking in /etc/fstab wont help because you cant be sure that information can be trusted.




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Friday, January 11, 2013

How to open my Linux because it asks me a password ?

Q. I made a mess with my Linux and now it asks me a password at start-up which I don't know. Is there any method to regain my Linux ?

A. Welp, yes, it's a bit trixy, but it WILL work.
Do NOT |#u(K this up though.

Go ahead a boot up a live CD, it should mount your hard disk, so you can see files in it. I believe with an Ubuntu live it will be mounted /media/hda but look around, you'll find it.

anyway once you find your drive, you can directly edit the the /etc/passwd file.

Now, you need to understand what it is you are editing, and what to do, because if you pooch it... well, it's pooched then isn't it?

You are going to replace the x in the line that corresponds to your username, with a new password. The x stands for "use an encrypted password from /etc/shadow" we are going to tell the computer to use a non encrypted password. So open up a terminal, and hit it with;
sudo nano /media/hdb/etc/passwd
(path might be different depending on how the HDD mounted)

find the line about your username. It'll look like this:

elizabeth:x:1000:1000:
elizabeth,,,:/home/elizabeth:
/bin/bash

That will all be on one line but Y!A has issues...
what you want to do is replace the first x with a short easy to remember password, (at least 6 letters though) and change NOTHING ELSE about the file.

elizabeth:mypass:1000:1000:
elizabeth,,,:/home/elizabeth
/bin/bash

we changed the x to mypass.

now save the file: (ctrl +x, Yes, Enter)

and reboot the machine. (not to the live CD)
you should be able to get in now with your user name, and the password you changed to.

Once you are in, you should really
sudo su yourself, and change the password back to an x
in /etc/passwd
then while still in su issue the command :
passwd myusername
(obviously replace this with your real user name)

and enter a new password twice.
Now you are back to being encrypted, AND you know your password. YAY!

How can I tell if my Linux install is in its own partition?
Q. I have a Gateway netbook with Windows 7 starter. I installed the Ubuntu 10 version of Linux. But I don't think it installed on it's its own partition, because it never asked me about the size or anything of a partition or which partition to use. So, I followed some instructions on the internet to put Linux on its own partition, but how do I know its really on there?

A. It did, but if it will make you feel better, do this:

Boot into Linux.
Open a console shell
Type 'df -h'

The partitions will be displayed. The information on the right will tell you the mount point. The one marked '/host' will be the windows partition. On the left the host partition will be /dev/sda1. All the rest are you Linux partitions.

If you want to know more about /dev/sda1, type 'fdisk -l' (be careful with fdisk).

How do you determine what Linux file system your using?
Q. When you log onto a Linux system and get to the command prompt, how can you determine which of the many file systems supported in Linux you are using? Is there a command that will identify it?

A. Use fsck with the N option which just show what would have been done, but also show you what type of filesystem it is.

fsck -N /dev/(device-name)

e.g.

fsck -N /dev/hdc2

The 'mount' command wont help if the filesystem isn't mounted, and looking in /etc/fstab wont help because you cant be sure that information can be trusted.




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