Friday, March 1, 2013

How did microsoft become such a monopoly to PC manufacturers?

Q. I am a linux user and it does not seem right that one company can be in a oligopy with no other competitors. Other than a netbook from two years ago, i have never seen a computer for sale at a store without the windows os(not even a mac).

A. A long time ago, in a land far away....

Computers back then weren't these small home machines we have now because there wasn't an operating system that a typical home user could make any use of. Computers were massive machines with complicated systems that usually required a programmer because we also didn't have things like MS Office or Quickbooks yet.

Mr Gates and some other people thought it would be cool if everyone could have a computer in their house. The hold-up was an operating system that would allow small machines (and back then we thought an 8 bit machine with a magnetic tape drive was some hot stuff) to function usefully for every-day users. So he (and some others) created/modified an operating system (DOS) that could do exactly that. IBM made a small machine (PC-Jr then PX-XT) that could use that system and was inexpensive enough for most people to own. It didn't require a master's degree in computer science to operate but did require a bit of a nerd.

Some other computer makers started making home computers around that operating system and specification (PC compatible) that had good uses for everyone at home and at work. And it grew exponentially very fast. And then, Microsoft tossed out Windows (esp. 3.1 then '95) and the way we compute changed immeasurably. Any 4th grader could use a computer then.


So imagine that you invented a certain kind of fuel and then all of the car makers started making lots of cars that run on your fuel. They could have made cars to run on other fuel - and some did - but almost everyone had a car that runs on yours. What happens to your company? It just grows and grows and after a while just about everyone expects that "cars run on X fuel with few exceptions"

That's what happened at Microsoft - computers used MSDOS and Windows, with few exceptions.

Now, they don't really have a monopoly because, as you noted, Linux (and others) remain an option. Nobody made a law that says "you must use Microsoft products" and you're free to use whatever OS you'd like or even write your own.

So how did Microsoft get in the position they're in now? 1) they were very early to the market 2) they continued to improve their line 3) they produced a product that other companies based theirs upon so that the MS product became essential 4) They didn't give it away for free so they could afford to keep improving it.

Whether it's "right" - what if you had created DOS and Windows? Would you give it away for free so that Dell, Gateway, IBM, Asus, etc... could all make lots of money off of your work? Would you share all of the source code with everyone in the world so they could make it too - and sell it to other people without giving you any money? No, I didn't think so. Me neither.

But, if you don't like Microsoft products you have plenty of company and are free to use whatever other OS you'd like (or to write your own) and nobody will complain. It's one of the great things about a free market - even a free market that has huge big players in it. You can write your very own operating system and sell it to whoever likes it. If yours is as good as theirs, you might even take their place. (Firefox and Google took someone else's place in the market that way)

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When i create new user account in BOSS linux it gets disabled automatically?
Q. When i create new user account in BOSS linux it gets disabled automatically, when i enable in advance options no use it gets disabled again.

A. I use linuxmint. Maybe you should give that a try. www.linuxmint.com

How to add Commands on Minecraft server?
Q. I just made a Minecraft server via linux, can somebody walk me through step by step how to add commands? Also, how to whitelist and black list, also, how to create user groups? Thanks!

A. You need to give a little bit more detail, we need to know if you are using Craftbukkit, or just a regular server, as installing mods that give commands on Craftbukkit servers is WAAY easier, since you just add the jar file into a plugins folder, but on a regular server, each mod's installation varies and it can be complicated.

For white listing, go to the server properties file, then set whitelist to 'true' and then go to the whitelist file and add the usernames of those on the whitlist. A blacklist is not needed as anyone not on the whitelist will not be able to get in, or you can just use the /ban or /banip command that comes as standard.



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Where do I download the latest version of iPod linux to be installed from an IBM compatible?

Q. I am looking for the latest version of iPod linux to be installed from an IBM compatible onto an iPod Classic, which according to Wikipedia will run up to iPod Classic, generation 6. Can you provide a link(s) where I can download the installer, preferably one with a grub or multi-boot, so that I can leave the factory installed Apple software as well. I would also interested in links to Linux software which would run on this version of iPod linux.

A. It looks like you are trying to use your iPod as a computer and that's not what it was designed for. I don't know of anybody who has ever done what you are trying to achieve.

Where do I download the latest version of iPod linux to be installed from an IBM compatible?
Q. I am looking for the latest version of iPod linux to be installed from an IBM compatible onto an iPod Classic, which according to Wikipedia will run up to iPod Classic, generation 6. Can you provide a link(s) where I can download the installer, preferably one with a grub or multi-boot, so that I can leave the factory installed Apple software as well. I would also interested in links to Linux software which would run on this version of iPod linux.

A. I am sorry my friend, but I don't think what you are trying to achieve exists or can be done.

Can you change your Linux Software into Windows Vista?
Q. I got a laptop and I am fed up with the Linux software in it! Is there any free programs where I can download my Linux to Vista? Links appreciated! I was just wondering if there any Mac Links too? Thank you

A. You would have to buy windows vista, and then reformat your hard drive and install vista on it.



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What linux distribution do you recommend?

Q. If you want to learn how to adminster Linux systems properly, not simply for use as a Windows replacement?

A. This are the most common distros. I DON'T RECOMMEND ANY OF THIS to learning linux at sysadmin level:
Red hat (or centos or fedora)
Ubuntu (or Mint)
Suse

All those distros are designed to be user friendly and easy.

You need a distro that keeps configuration plain and simple, instead of trying to hide it with a nice gui.
I RECOMMEND YOU:
Arch Linux
Gentoo
linux from scratch

I have used archlinux myself, and I can tell you is really easy to learn AND does not hide any of its configuration using guis.

Archlinux has a GREAT wiki, so, even if you are going to configure all by yourself, you'll have great step-by-step guides.
I don't recommend you archbang or sabayon, since they hide their configuration, and its not what you want (You want to learn!)

And that's it. I'll leave you with this from the arch linux wiki:

Whereas many GNU/Linux distributions attempt to be more user-friendly, Arch Linux has always been, and shall always remain user-centric.
Arch Linux targets and accommodates competent GNU/Linux users by giving them complete control and responsibility over the system.
Arch Linux users fully manage the system on their own. The system itself will offer little assistance, except for a simple set of maintenance tools that are designed to perfectly relay the user's commands to the system. Arch developers do not expend energy re-inventing GUI system tools; Arch is founded upon sensible design and excellent documentation.
This user-centric design necessarily implies a certain "do-it-yourself" approach to using the Arch distribution. Rather than pursuing assistance or requesting a new feature to be implemented by developers, Arch Linux users have a tendency to solve problems themselves and share the results with the community and development team â a "do first, then ask" philosophy. This is especially true for user-contributed packages found in the Arch User Repository â the official Arch Linux repository for community-maintained packages.

What are the requirements to distribute a linux live iso?
Q. I want to create a custom linux iso with a few of my personally developed applications and distribute it online. I know Linux is open source, but does this mean I can legally sell the ISO? Are some distros better suited for this than others?

A. Some distros are better suited. Some already have live-cd systems prebuilt, you simply add applications. Ubuntu, Slax, and Gentoo are common live distros.

You can sell the ISO, as long as you don't violate any licenses. Most licenses are GPLs, Creative Commons, or BSDs. You have to comply with the terms of each license, including distribution and availability of source code.

What is the best type of linux for a beginning programmer?
Q. I just started software developing at ASU and my teacher recommends using linux over windows but I've seen all different formats and i don't know which one is the best to start off with i would be dual booting with vista 64 bit

A. For developing I would go with one of the technical distributions such as slackware or gentoo. The only thing is they are not only very UNIX-like, they are tough to wrap your brain around generally. Mark Shuttleworth, who started Ubuntu, got his start on Slackware.

Generally I would go with one with a KDE desktop. XFCE4 is nice -- that's my preferred desktop -- however KDE has a LOT tools which make programming easier. And slackware of course offers KDE and XFCE4 as its default desktops. It does not offer GNOME.

The downside of Ubuntu and its derivatives is that one of the innovations of Ubuntu is precisely that it does not offer easy access to the GNU tools, including GCC and make and gdb -- the debugger. You have to go to synaptic or open a terminal and type "sudo apt-get build-essential".

The technical linuxes, Debian, Slackware, Fedora, Gentoo -- or Linux from Scratch -- demand that you get comfortable with the command line. Nevertheless, even for a beginning programmer, I would precisely say that those are the best type of Linux -- or let's face it, GNU/Linux -- for a beginning programmer.

Also, Debian and Fedora have live CDs available, while you can get A taste of Slackware (though they don't say so) using dyne:bolic ( http://www.dynebolic.org ) or slax ( http://www.slax.org ) both of which are live cds. Therefore you can try them without installing them on your hard drive yet at all -- highly recommended.



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Are there any stacker games that play on Linux OS?

Q. My 5 year old's computer runs on Linux OS. Its a Dell computer and can he download any Super Stacker games on it?

A. These seem to all be online flash games. Just install Adobe Flash on the computer (it is probably there already) and load up the page and play the games.

How do I run Windows 7 in parallel on a machine running Linux natively?
Q. I have a machine running Windows 7 right now. I want to run a Linux OS natively and have it run windows in parallel. Can I do this without re-downloading Windows?

A. They cannot run in parallel without getting TERRIBLE performance. You will have Windows and Linux fighting for the same resources, memory, and services and it will be choppy.

They use completely different file systems, meaning different partitions on your hard drive. Therefore, I believe you can only emulate the other OS and not run natively.

Your hard drive would need to have 2 independent read/write heads scanning different portions of your HDD at the same time, and they are not made to do that. They only read one area of a hard drive at any given time, so that means only one operating system at a time, espcially OS's that are so different from each other.

Who knows how to install a Java to a Linux OS in ASUS EeePC?
Q. Who knows how to install a Java to a Linux OS in ASUS EeePC? I purchased an EeePC 4GB Surf for my programming subjects. But then, I couldn't use the Eclipse if I don't have Java installed on the pc. Do you know how to put Java in a ASUS EeePC 4GB Surf Linux OS?

A. Go to java.com and download the self extracting file. Once you get that you'll open a terminal, navigate to the folder that the java download is saved to and then type

sudo sh jre-6u5-linux.i586.bin

That's the manual way to do it and seems to work better than any other I've found. Be sure to close all of your browsers before running the sh command.



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How can you install windows 7 on a linux os computer?

Q. My brother has a linux os computer and he wants to install windows 7 using my disc. Any help?

A. Assuming his linux computer is i386 based processor computer (PC) then he must choose whether to install in natively, as dual boot, or as a guest operating system, in a virtual machine.

This of course, assuming that he owns the license for the windows 7.

Installing it natively allows you to install 2 operating systems on your PC, but allows you to only use one at any given time. Usually, upon boot, the os loader (grub or OS Loader) would ask which operating system you would like to use.

Installing in a virtual machine, on the other hand, creates a virtual computer within your Linux operating system, like VMWare or Xen. This virtual computer can then be installed the Windows7. You can use both operating system at the same time, and even communicate with the both machines as if they are physically separate computers.

Down side is that, since this is 1 machine running inside another, your guest operating system cannot get the full performance load running your host computer.

Are there any linux os that will run on an old laptop with a Linksys wireless card?
Q. I have a few Linux OS i have tried out and none of them worked with a Linksys wifi card. Can a Linksys wireless card work with Linux or is there another OS that will work with it and work on an old computer?
I am running on a very slow and old laptop Pentium 3 with original windows 98 installed on it.

A. Find what model card you have and see if it is supported, ie google ubuntu + card model. It may simply be a matter of installing the appropriate driver from the repository.

An alternative is to install ndiswrapper, if it isn't already installed, and use the .inf file from the XP drivers for the card, which you can download from the manufacturers website.

If the machine doesn't have at least 256 meg of ram then it won't be capable of web surfing.

The lightest full system to use would be puppy. Xpud is also worth a try, it is basically just a browser and a file manager. The best choice for a polished, configurable system would be lubuntu (ubuntu with the lxde desktop).

Cheers!

What Linux os is the best one to install on a computer?
Q. For people wanting to download media files on? And are all Linux os's free or atleast the good ones? Is there any point of me putting linux on my d drive so I can switch back and fourth from windows 7 to Linux?

A. Most Linux distributions aimed at home/office users are free.
There is no "best". This test will help you decide: http://www.zegeniestudios.net/ldc/
As you are probably a new linux user, I would recommend ubuntu or openSUSE. It can install and configure the GRUB loader for you, which is what you need to dual-boot windows and linux, and yes, you should definitely keep your windows installation.

BTW, All distros are able to download media files, most of them able to play them straight away (I would say all, but then there is Arch and Ubuntu Server ;)).

There's really no reason to think of which distro to choose for too much, most are quite similar. The only major differences between distros are the package managing systems and the pre-installed packages. Anotherdifference is, for example, that in Ubuntu, unlike Debian, you can not su root (=login as superuser) by default. (TTheoreticallyyou can make Debian look and behave exactly like Ubuntu with some configuration work, though.)



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Where does uTorrent Server save downloaded files?

Q. I just downloaded a torrent in linux through uTorrent server. How do I access the downloaded file?

A. If you are on Windows, right-click the torrent in uTorrent and select "Open Containing Folder"-this will reveal the content.

You can set the directory for downloads at Options>Preferences>Directories so you know where for the future.

Recommend a Windows BitTorrent client that will auto-start torrents dropped into a certain folder?
Q. I've seen this feature in a few Linux clients... Can anyone recommend a *Windows* based BitTorrent client that will periodically scan a certain folder for new torrent files and start downloading them if they show up?

A. Both Vuze and uTorrent will do that.

Info for Vuze (under "Best Way"):
http://www.azureuswiki.com/index.php/What_to_do_now

In uTorrent, at Options>Preferences>Directories - "Automatically load torrents from"
http://www.utorrent.com/faq.php#How_can_I_make_.C2.B5Torrent_auto-load_torrents_from_a_specified_folder.3F

Links to downloads and setup guides for both clients are here:
Best Free BitTorrent Client
http://www.techsupportalert.com/best-free-bittorrent-client.htm

What is the best program to download torrents?
Q. I just ant to know what is the best. uTorrent, Bit torrent, Vuse, or BitComet.

A. uTorrent for Windows
Transmission for Linux



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How to enter password by linux command?

Q. As the title.I would like to find out How to enter password by linux command?

eg: when you write a script to sudo root. then you will be asked to enter password.
how can i do it by linux script? Is there a command can do the job?
Thanks in advance.

A. Don't. just run sudo script instead of trying to put sudo into the script.

Is there a way to reset the stats for the Linux command df?
Q. For a while now whenever I use the command df in Linux it shows that one of my partitions is full but if I use the du -ac command it shows that I am using only 4.2 of 7.8 Gigs of storage. Is there a way to reset the stats for the Linux command df?

A. Df and du do not measure the same exact things. You can google for: df VS du and see a lot of explanations.

Where do I find source code of linux commands?
Q. Linux commands like cp, dir, ls, shred, man (etc...) are nothing but programs (hopefully all written in C). I would really like to know exactly how they work (and make a few modifications to some) so I need their source code...
Can you tell me where to find source code of linux commands?
Thank you in advance!

A. In general there are several places you can go to get the source for these commands. This is mostly because there can be several different implementations of the commands.

1) The company who distributed your version of Linux. Most versions of these types of commands are under the GPL and as such the person or company who gave you the executable has to make a copy of the source code available to you. Usually these are released as source rpms, and some times come on one of the CDs or DVDs that you used to install Linux with. You can often find them on the web too.

For example the RHEL5 Server source rpm (SRPM) is
ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub/redhat/linux/enterprise/5Server/en/os/SRPMS/coreutils-5.97-12.1.el5.src.rpm

Most of the time your distribution will have a tool like yum to install these and other rpms for you.

2) www.gnu.org
GNU probably wrote the commands that are on your distribution of Linux, although a few very specialized distros use different implementations of the commands (Usually busybox http://www.busybox.net/ but this is really rare).

http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/
has instructions on how to download a very recent copy of the code, which may be much much newer then the version currently installed on your computer.

NOTE:

Some shells, like tcsh and csh have their own implementations of these commands built into them. This is because it is faster to run the command as part of your shell then to fork and exec a new command. So if you do change them be sure to check that you are actually running your updated version. BASH usually does not play these games but you can always check by running which followed by the name of your command.



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